{"id":1858,"date":"2026-01-23T08:07:26","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T07:07:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/?page_id=1858"},"modified":"2026-01-23T11:52:47","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T10:52:47","slug":"zanieczyszczenia-krzyzowe-linii-komorkowych","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/?page_id=1858","title":{"rendered":"Zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe linii kom\u00f3rkowych"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wyobra\u017a sobie, \u017ce po trzech latach intensywnych bada\u0144 nad rakiem piersi publikujesz prze\u0142omowy artyku\u0142, tylko po to, by kilka miesi\u0119cy p\u00f3\u017aniej dowiedzie\u0107 si\u0119, \u017ce Twoja linia kom\u00f3rkowa \u2013 rzekomo MCF-7 \u2013 w rzeczywisto\u015bci by\u0142a szybko rosn\u0105c\u0105 lini\u0105 HeLa. Ca\u0142y Tw\u00f3j dorobek, granty i reputacja staj\u0105 pod znakiem zapytania. To nie jest scenariusz z dreszczowca naukowego, lecz codzienno\u015b\u0107 wielu laboratori\u00f3w na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pracownicy laboratori\u00f3w in vitro cz\u0119sto skupiaj\u0105 si\u0119 na czysto\u015bci mikrobiologicznej, dr\u017c\u0105c przed kontaminacj\u0105 bakteriami czy grzybami. Jednak to <strong>zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe (cross-contamination)<\/strong> s\u0105 \u201ecichym zab\u00f3jc\u0105\u201d wiarygodno\u015bci bada\u0144 in vitro<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Gemini_Generated_Image_nug14unug14unug1.png\" alt=\"cross - contamination, zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe\" class=\"wp-image-1869\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Gemini_Generated_Image_nug14unug14unug1.png 1024w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Gemini_Generated_Image_nug14unug14unug1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Gemini_Generated_Image_nug14unug14unug1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Gemini_Generated_Image_nug14unug14unug1-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co to s\u0105 zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W kontek\u015bcie hodowli kom\u00f3rkowych, zanieczyszczenie krzy\u017cowe to proces, w kt\u00f3rym obca linia kom\u00f3rkowa zostaje wprowadzona do innej kultury, co prowadzi do jej stopniowego lub ca\u0142kowitego wyparcia. W przeciwie\u0144stwie do zaka\u017ce\u0144 drobnoustrojami, kt\u00f3re zazwyczaj wida\u0107 go\u0142ym okiem (zm\u0119tnienie po\u017cywki, zmiana pH), zanieczyszczenie inn\u0105 lini\u0105 kom\u00f3rkow\u0105 jest <strong>wizualnie niewykrywalne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"859\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/micro_vs_cross_contamination_PL.png\" alt=\"Zanieczyszczenia mikrobiologiczne vs krzy\u017cowe\" class=\"wp-image-1880\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.2371103990678707;width:600px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/micro_vs_cross_contamination_PL.png 859w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/micro_vs_cross_contamination_PL-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/micro_vs_cross_contamination_PL-768x343.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 859px) 100vw, 859px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 kom\u00f3rek ssaczych ma podobn\u0105 morfologi\u0119 fibroblastopodobn\u0105 lub epitelialn\u0105. Bez specjalistycznych test\u00f3w nie jeste\u015bmy w stanie odr\u00f3\u017cni\u0107 kom\u00f3rek mysich od ludzkich, a tym bardziej dw\u00f3ch r\u00f3\u017cnych linii ludzkich nowotwor\u00f3w pod mikroskopem kontrastowo-fazowym.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Skala problemu: Statystyki, kt\u00f3re budz\u0105 niepok\u00f3j<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Problem b\u0142\u0119dnej identyfikacji linii kom\u00f3rkowych (<em>misidentification<\/em>) nie jest nowy, ale jego skala pozostaje alarmuj\u0105ca mimo rozwoju technik diagnostycznych. Ju\u017c w latach 60. XX wieku Stanley Gartler wykaza\u0142, \u017ce wiele popularnych linii kom\u00f3rkowych zosta\u0142o zdominowanych przez kom\u00f3rki HeLa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wed\u0142ug danych zgromadzonych przez <strong>International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC)<\/strong> oraz liczne metaanalizy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Szacuje si\u0119, \u017ce od <strong>15% do nawet 30%<\/strong> wszystkich linii kom\u00f3rkowych u\u017cywanych w badaniach naukowych jest b\u0142\u0119dnie zidentyfikowanych lub zanieczyszczonych krzy\u017cowo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baza ICLAC zawiera obecnie ponad <strong>500 linii kom\u00f3rkowych<\/strong>, o kt\u00f3rych wiadomo, \u017ce s\u0105 ca\u0142kowicie zdominowane przez inne kom\u00f3rki (tzw. <em>misidentified cell lines<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Koszt bada\u0144 opartych na fa\u0142szywych liniach kom\u00f3rkowych idzie w setki milion\u00f3w dolar\u00f3w rocznie, marnuj\u0105c nie tylko fundusze, ale i czas naukowc\u00f3w.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"357\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cross_contamination_statistics.png\" alt=\"Zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe- statystyka\" class=\"wp-image-1881\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.9571428571428572;width:235px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cross_contamination_statistics.png 357w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cross_contamination_statistics-287x300.png 287w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Nawet 30% linii mo\u017ce by\u0107 zanieczyszczona krzy\u017cowo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wp\u0142yw zanieczyszcze\u0144 krzy\u017cowych na wyniki: Dlaczego to ma znaczenie?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Konsekwencje pracy na \u201efa\u0142szywym modelu\u201d s\u0105 katastrofalne dla nauki:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Utrata powtarzalno\u015bci:<\/strong> Inne linie kom\u00f3rkowe maj\u0105 inny profil ekspresji gen\u00f3w, r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 szlakami sygna\u0142owymi i tempem proliferacji. Wyniki uzyskane z zanieczyszczonej hodowli s\u0105 nie do odtworzenia w innym laboratorium.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Artefakty badawcze:<\/strong> Czynnik testowany w modelu in vitro, mo\u017ce w rzeczywisto\u015bci nie dzia\u0142a\u0107, poniewa\u017c wyniki s\u0105 nieprawid\u0142owe i zafa\u0142szowane.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Koszty finansowe i etyczne:<\/strong> Wycofanie publikacji (<em>retraction<\/em>) to czarny scenariusz dla ka\u017cdego badacza. Dla firm opracowuj\u0105cych nowe leki, mo\u017ce to nawet oznacza\u0107 upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107. Ponadto, badania kliniczne projektowane na podstawie b\u0142\u0119dnych danych in vitro nara\u017caj\u0105 pacjent\u00f3w na niebezpiecze\u0144stwo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak wykry\u0107 zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W prawid\u0142owo funkcjonuj\u0105cym laboratorium kom\u00f3rkowym poleganie wy\u0142\u0105cznie na obserwacji morfologii jest niedopuszczalne. Oto z\u0142ote standardy weryfikacji to\u017csamo\u015bci linii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Profilowanie STR (Short Tandem Repeat)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zel-poliakrylamidowy-1024x559.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1657\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zel-poliakrylamidowy-1024x559.png 1024w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zel-poliakrylamidowy-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zel-poliakrylamidowy-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Zel-poliakrylamidowy.png 1408w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obecnie uznawane za &#8222;z\u0142oty standard&#8221; dla linii ludzkich. Metoda polega na analizie polimorfizmu kr\u00f3tkich powt\u00f3rze\u0144 tandemowych w specyficznych loci DNA. Wynik to unikalny profil (tzw. &#8222;odcisk palca genetyczny&#8221;), kt\u00f3ry por\u00f3wnuje si\u0119 z bazami referencyjnymi (np. ATCC, DSMZ).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Uwaga:<\/strong> STR jest skuteczne g\u0142\u00f3wnie dla kom\u00f3rek ludzkich. W przypadku linii zwierz\u0119cych stosuje si\u0119 kodowanie kreskowe DNA (<em>DNA barcoding<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Analiza izoenzymatyczna<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Metoda badaj\u0105ca <a href=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/?page_id=1662\" type=\"page\" id=\"1662\">mobilno\u015b\u0107 elektroforetyczn\u0105<\/a> wybranych enzym\u00f3w wewn\u0105trzkom\u00f3rkowych. Pozwala na szybkie odr\u00f3\u017cnienie gatunku, z kt\u00f3rego pochodzi linia (np. czy to kom\u00f3rki chomika CHOK1, czy ludzkie HEK293). Jest jednak mniej precyzyjna ni\u017c STR w rozr\u00f3\u017cnianiu linii w obr\u0119bie tego samego gatunku.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"272\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/izoenzymatic-analysis.png\" alt=\"Wykrywanie zanieczyszcze\u0144 krzy\u017cowych. Analiza izoenzymatyczna\" class=\"wp-image-1884\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.937961968538758;width:192px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Kariotypowanie i analiza cytogenetyczna<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pozwala na identyfikacj\u0119 specyficznych marker\u00f3w chromosomalnych. Jest szczeg\u00f3lnie przydatna w badaniu stabilno\u015bci genetycznej linii oraz wykrywaniu du\u017cych aberracji, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 sugerowa\u0107 zanieczyszczenie inn\u0105 lini\u0105 o charakterystycznym kariotypie (np. liczne rearan\u017cacje w kom\u00f3rkach HeLa).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/caryotyping.png\" alt=\"Wykrywanie zanieczyszcze\u0144 krzy\u017cowych. kariotypowanie\" class=\"wp-image-1879\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.9418312195644031;width:205px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak zapobiega\u0107 zanieczyszczeniom krzy\u017cowym?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe to ogromny problem. Mo\u017cna si\u0119 jednak przed nimi ustrzec. Wymaga to jednak zachowania dyscypliny i wdro\u017cenia odpowiednich procedur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dobre praktyki pracy pod komor\u0105 laminarn\u0105 (BSC &#8211; Biological Safety Cabinet)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zasada jednej linii:<\/strong> Nigdy nie pracuj z wi\u0119cej ni\u017c jedn\u0105 lini\u0105 kom\u00f3rkow\u0105 pod komor\u0105 laminarn\u0105 w tym samym czasie. Po zako\u0144czeniu pracy z lini\u0105 A, zdezynfekuj lo\u017c\u0119, odczekaj 15 minut (czas na przep\u0142yw laminarny i usuni\u0119cie ewentualnych aerozoli) i dopiero wtedy wprowad\u017a lini\u0119 B.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dedykowane odczynniki:<\/strong> Ka\u017cda linia kom\u00f3rkowa powinna mie\u0107 w\u0142asne butelki z po\u017cywk\u0105, PBS i trypsyn\u0105. Wsp\u00f3lne butelki to najprostsza droga do transferu kom\u00f3rek mi\u0119dzy hodowlami.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Unikanie aerozoli:<\/strong> Nie pipetuj gwa\u0142townie. U\u017cywaj ko\u0144c\u00f3wek z filtrem, aby zapobiec zanieczyszczeniu pipet automatycznych.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-Cdt3s_jp1OY-unsplash-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Hodowla in vitro w komorze laminarnej\" class=\"wp-image-1866\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-Cdt3s_jp1OY-unsplash-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-Cdt3s_jp1OY-unsplash-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-Cdt3s_jp1OY-unsplash-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-Cdt3s_jp1OY-unsplash-1-391x260.jpg 391w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-Cdt3s_jp1OY-unsplash-1-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/national-institute-of-allergy-and-infectious-diseases-Cdt3s_jp1OY-unsplash-1-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zarz\u0105dzanie bankiem kom\u00f3rek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kwarantanna:<\/strong> Ka\u017cda nowa linia kom\u00f3rkowa wchodz\u0105ca do laboratorium musi trafi\u0107 do oddzielnego inkubatora (kwarantanny) do czasu potwierdzenia braku <a href=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/?page_id=1849\" type=\"page\" id=\"1849\">zanieczyszcze\u0144 mykoplazm\u0105<\/a> i weryfikacji to\u017csamo\u015bci (STR).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>System Master i Working Cell Bank:<\/strong> Pracuj na niskich pasa\u017cach. Po otrzymaniu zweryfikowanej linii, zamro\u017a du\u017c\u0105 parti\u0119 (Master Bank), a do codziennych do\u015bwiadcze\u0144 u\u017cywaj partii roboczej (Working Bank). Po 10-15 pasa\u017cach zutylizuj kultur\u0119 i rozmro\u017a now\u0105 fiolk\u0119.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Higiena i organizacja pracy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sprawna organizacja pracy w laboratorium:<\/strong> Wszystkich powinny obowi\u0105zywa\u0107 jasne i klarowne procedury. Laboratoria komercyjne powinny wdro\u017cy\u0107 odpowiedni system zarz\u0105dzania jako\u015bci\u0105 (QMS) i zasady higieny w laboratorium.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regularne czyszczenie inkubator\u00f3w:<\/strong> Przynajmniej raz w miesi\u0105cu inkubator powinien zosta\u0107 ca\u0142kowicie opr\u00f3\u017cniony i zdezynfekowany.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Edukacja zespo\u0142u:<\/strong> Nawet najlepsze procedury zawiod\u0105, je\u015bli studenci i pracownicy nie b\u0119d\u0105 \u015bwiadomi ryzyka. Szkolenia z technik aseptycznych to fundament.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/consistency.png\" alt=\"consistency\" class=\"wp-image-1806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/consistency.png 1024w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/consistency-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/consistency-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/bioeducator.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/consistency-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Podsumowanie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe to problem systemowy, kt\u00f3ry wymaga zmiany kultury pracy w laboratoriach. Koszt przeprowadzenia profilowania STR jest znikomy w por\u00f3wnaniu z kosztami powt\u00f3rzenia wieloletnich bada\u0144.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cho\u0107 skala problemu \u015bwiadczy inaczej, zaka\u017ce\u0144 krzy\u017cowych do\u015b\u0107 \u0142atwo unikn\u0105\u0107. Wystarczy przestrzega\u0107 zasad odpowiedniej pracy i higieny w laboratorium. Wtedy \u017cadne zanieczyszczenie, czy krzy\u017cowe czy mikrobiologiczne jest niegro\u017ane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bibliografia i \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/iclac.org\"><strong>ICLAC<\/strong> (International Cell Line Authentication Committee), <\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20143388\/\"><strong>Capes-Davis, A., et al. (2010).<\/strong> <em>Check your cultures! A list of cross-contaminated or misidentified cell lines.<\/em> International Journal of Cancer.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/products\/135-ansi-str\"><strong>ATCC Standards Development Organization (2011).<\/strong> <em>Authentication of Human Cell Lines: Standardization of STR Profiling.<\/em> ANSI\/ATCC ASN-0002.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrc775\"><strong>Masters, J. R. (2002).<\/strong> <em>HeLa cells 50 years on: The good, the bad and the ugly.<\/em> Nature Reviews Cancer.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25117809\/\"><strong>Geraghty, R. J., et al. (2014).<\/strong> <em>Guidelines for the use of cell lines in biomedical research.<\/em> British Journal of Cancer.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grafika<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@drew_hays?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Drew Hays<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/person-holding-round-clear-container-tGYrlchfObE?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@niaid?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/a-person-in-a-lab-holding-a-pipe-Cdt3s_jp1OY?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@jaronnix?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Jaron Nix<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/person-holding-black-and-white-microscope-7wWRXewYCH4?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-2318520657460692\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obszerne om\u00f3wienie zagadnienia zanieczyszcze\u0144 krzy\u017cowych w hodowlach in vitro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1869,"parent":107,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1858","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe linii kom\u00f3rkowych - Bioeducator.eu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Co to s\u0105 zanieczyszczenia krzy\u017cowe? 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